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Objective@#To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of berberine (Ber) on myocardial injury induced by exhaustion exercise (Ee).@*Methods@#Forty healthy male SPF Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups using the random unit group design method: control group, Ee group and Ee plus Ber group (low: 50 mg·kg-1·d-1, medium: 100 mg·kg-1·d-1 and high dose: 150 mg·kg-1·d-1, n=8 each). Ber (1.5 ml) or equal volume saline was given per gavage for 14 days. Rats assigned to Ee groups underwent Ee swimming once daily and rats in control group remain sedentary. After 14 days, echocardiographic measurements were performed and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and fractional shortening (LVFS), left ventricular diastolic diameter (LVIDd) and left ventricular systolic diameter (LVIDs) were obtained. The morphological structure of heart was detected by HE and Masson staining. Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cardiomyocytes apoptosis was detected by TUNEL method. The protein expression of myocardial hypertrophy marker protein B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and apoptotic marker protein (Bcl-2, Bax) in rat myocardial tissue was detected by Western blot.@*Results@#(1) Both LVFS and LVEF were significantly lower, and LVIDs and LVIDd were significantly larger in Ee group than those in control group (all P<0.01). The LVFS and LVEF in medium dose of Ber and high-dose Ber groups were significantly higher, and the LVIDs and LVIDd were significantly smaller than those in Ee group (all P<0.01). (2) The results of HE staining showed that the myocardial cells in control group were closely arranged, regular, normal in morphology, clear in structure, and uniform in staining. The myocardial cells of rats in Ee group were disarranged, cell staining was uneven, and vacuoles appeared in the cytoplasm. The disorder of myocardial cell arrangement and unequal staining in the medium dose of Ber were attenuated than in Ee group. The Masson staining results showed that the myocardial cells in control group were closely arranged, regular, normal in shape, clear in structure, and rarely blue-stained (fibrosis). Myocardial cells in rats in Ee group showed obvious fibrosis. The myocardial cell fibrosis in rats with medium dose of Ber was significantly reduced than exercise group. (3) MDA content in myocardial tissue of rats in Ee group was significantly higher than that of control group, and MDA content in myocardial tissue of rats in medium dose of Ber group was significantly lower than in Ee group (P<0.01). The SOD activity of myocardial tissue in rats was significantly lower than that of control group, while that of rats with medium dose of Ber was significantly higher than that of rats in Ee group (P<0.01). (4) TUNEL staining results showed that only a small amount of apoptosis myocardial cells were seen in control group, and a large number of apoptosis myocardial cells were seen in rats in Ee group. However, the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes in medium dose of Ber was significantly lower than that in Ee group. The AI of rat cardiomyocytes was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.01), and the AI of rat cardiomyocytes in median dose of Ber group was significantly lower than in Ee group (P<0.01). (5) BNP and Bax protein expression in the myocardial tissues of rats in Ee group were significantly higher than in control group (P<0.01). BNP and Bax protein expression in the myocardial tissues in median dose of Ber group were significantly lower than that of Ee group (P<0.01). The myocardial protein expression level of Bax was significantly higher, and the myocardial protein level of Bcl-2 was significantly lower in Ee group than in control group (both P<0.01), treatment with median dose of Ber could partly reverse above changes (both P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#Ber can attenuate exhaustion exercise induced myocardial injury and remodeling in rats, and the beneficial effects of Ber might possibly be mediated by reducing free radical release and cardiomyocytes apoptosis.
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Objective To explore the protective effect and mechanism of swimming rehabilitation training on learning and memory impairment of cerebral ischemia reperfusion gerbil. Methods Forty adult healthy male gerbils were randomly divided into sham group,sham+swimming group (Sham+S group),cere-bral ischemia / reperfusion group ( I/R group), cerebral ischemia/reperfusion+swimming group ( I/R+S group),with 10 rats in each group. The gerbil models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in I/R group and I/R+S group were established by blocking bilateral common carotid artery,while for gerbils in Sham group and Sham+S group, only bilateral common carotid arteries of gerbils were exposed, but no arteries were clamped. Morris water maze was used to detect the changes of learning and memory function in rats. Oxida- tive stress injury in hippocampal neurons was detected by detection kit analysis. And the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and CaMK Ⅱ protein in hippocampal tissue was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with Sham group,the gerbils in I/R group had longer positioning cruise time and less shuttle times ( both P<0. 01). Compared with I/R group,the positioning cruise time and shuttle times in I/R+S group were signifi-cantly shortened and increased respectively (both P<0. 01). Compared with sham group( SOD:(123. 13± 7. 50)U/mg,GSH:(42. 10±2. 17) μg/g,GSH-Px:(61. 37±2. 51) μg/g,MDA:( 2. 91± 0. 23) nmol/mg), the activities of SOD,GSH,GSH-Px in I/R group decreased significantly,while the content of MDA increased significantly(SOD:(75. 50±6. 96)U/mg,GSH:(22. 50±1. 64) μg/g,GSH-Px:(33. 15±2. 04)μg/g,MDA:(5. 96±0. 32)nmol/mg;all P<0. 01). Furthermore,compared with I/R group,the above indexes in I/R+S group were significantly reversed(SOD:(110. 30±5. 90)U/mg,GSH:(34. 31±1. 73)μg/g,GSH-Px:(50. 13 ±2. 31)μg/g,MDA:(3. 57±0. 29) nmol/mg;all P<0. 01). Compared with Sham group,the expression of Bax protein in hippocampus of gerbils in I/R group was increased,while the expression of Bcl-2 protein and p-CaMK Ⅱ protein was decreased (all P<0. 05). Compared with I/R group,the expression of Bax protein in hippocampus of gerbils in I/R+S group was decreased,while the expression of Bcl-2 protein and p-CaMK Ⅱprotein was increased (all P<0. 05). Conclusion Swimming rehabilitation training can improve learning and memory impairment of gerbils after ischemia-reperfusion through anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptosis, which may be related to CaMK Ⅱ signaling system.
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Objective To explore the clinical and pathological features of laterally spreading tumor ( LST) in colon, and the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection ( ESD) . Methods A total of 376 cases with 403 lesions of LST were detected by colonoscopy in the First Hospital of China Medical University from April 2014 to December 2016. The site, size and classification of all lesions were recorded. One hundred and sixty lesions in 143 patients underwent endoscopic treatment, and Their pit pattern were observed. The resected lesions were sent for pathological examination. The patients were followed up regularly after treatment. Results Among 403 cases of LST, 168 lesions ( 41. 69％) were located at rectum, which was the main site. Lesions with diameter of 10-<20 mm were of the largest number (37. 22％, 150/403). Nodular mixed type was the main morphologic type with a total of 203 lesions ( 50. 37％) . The main pathologic type was low-grade adenoma ( 65. 51％, 264/403) . The malignant potential rose with the increase of diameter of LST lesion ( P<0. 05) . Compared with the LST granular type, LST non-granular type had a higher pathologic malignant potential (P<0. 05). Among 403 lesions in 376 patients, 145 lesions in 128 patients were treated by ESD. Intraoperative bleeding occurred in 12 patients, and no delayed bleeding or perforation occurred. Among the 160 treated LST cases,Ⅳ-type pit pattern was of the largest number, up to 70. 62％ (113/160). The canceration rate of Ⅴ-type pit pattern was the highest, up to 80. 00％ (8/10). Malignant degree of pathology ( P<0. 05) and penetration degree of cancer ( P>0. 05) showed an increasing trend with the upgrade of pit pattern of LST cases. Among the 128 patients who were treated by ESD, 113 cases were regularly reexamined, and 2 cases relapsed. Others whose wounds didn′t relapse healed well. Conclusion The clinical and pathological features of colorectal LST are unique. ESD is an effective and safe treatment for LST, which can achieve radical results.
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Background: Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is a precancerous lesion of gastric cancer.The diagnostic value of serum gastrin-17 (G-17) level for CAG differs substantioulsy, and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection may play an important role.Aims: To explore the effect of Hp infection on serum G-17 level, and the diagnostic value of serum G-17 level for CAG under different Hp infection status.Methods: A total of 204 patients with chronic non-atrophic gastritis and 81 patients with CAG from May 2014 to May 2015 at the three different hospitals were enrolled.Gastroscopy was performed, fasting serum G-17 level, postprandial serum G-17 level and Hp-IgG antibody were determined by ELISA.Results: Fasting serum G-17 level was significantly increased in Hp positive group than in Hp negative group (P=0.001), and postprandial serum G-17 level was significantly decreased in CAG group than in non-atrophy group (P=0.002).AUC of fasting serum G-17 level for diagnosing Hp positive and negative CAG were 0.634 (95% CI: 0.537-0.732) and 0.576 (95% CI: 0.478-0.675), respectively, the accuracy were 62.6% and 54.9%, respectively.AUC of postprandial serum G-17 level for diagnosing Hp positive and negative CAG were 0.675 (95% CI: 0.581-0.769) and 0.595 (95% CI: 0.495-0.694), respectively, the accuracy were 61.8% and 53.1%, respectively.Conclusions: Hp infection has impact on serum G-17 level, as a result, the diagnostic value of G-17 level for CAG is different for patients with and without Hp infection.Diagnostic values of fast and postprandial serum G-17 for Hp positive CAG are higher than Hp negative CAG.
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Objective To evaluate narrow?band imaging(NBI)for early esophageal cancer and pre?cancerous lesions. Methods A total of 170 patients ( 192 lesions) diagnosed as having superficial esophageal carcinoma and precancerous lesions by endoscopy were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical data of endoscopy, narrow?band imaging (NBI) and iodine chromoscopy were analyzed.Results The detection rates of early esophageal cancer were both 100?? 0% in NBI(13/ 13) and iodine staining (13/ 13), with no statisti?cally significant difference (P>0?? 05).The detection rate of high grade intraepithelial neoplasia in NBI and i?odine staining was 94?? 9% (94/ 99) and 100?? 0% (99/ 99) respectively with no statistically significant differ?ence (P>0?? 05); The detection rate of low grade intraepithelial neoplasia in iodine staining was 100?? 0%(80/ 80), significantly higher than that of NBI 78?? 8% (63/ 80) (P<0?? 01).Conclusion NBI and iodine staining endoscopy show better diagnostic value for early esophageal cancer and similar diagnostic value for high grade intraepithelial neoplasia in precancerous lesions. But for the low grade intraepithelial neoplasia, the diagnostic value of iodine staining endoscopy is better than that of NBI.
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Objective To study the effect of different grades of gastric mucosa epithelial neoplasia tissues of Helicobacter pylori (Hp ) infection and the relationship between chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 expression and significance. Methods Based on a total of 138 cases of endoscopic specimens, there were normal gastric mucosa (NGM) in 32 cases, low grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIEN) in 35 cases, high grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIEN) in 36 cases, and gastric adenocarcinoma (GCA) in 35 cases. Hp infection was determined by 13C breath test and serum Hp antibodies,the double positive for Hp infection. CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 were detected by immunohistochemical method. Results The positive rates of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in LGIEN,HGIEN and GCA were higher than those in NGM:71.43%(25/35), 86.11%(31/36), 91.43%(32/35) vs. 25.00%(8/32);71.43%(25/35), 86.11%(31/36), 91.43%(32/35)vs. 28.12%(9/32), P0.05). The positive expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 had no correlation with Hp infection (P>0.05). Conclusions The positive rates of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in LGIEN,HGIEN and GCA are higher than those in NGM.The positive rates of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in HGIEN and GCA are higher than those in LGIEN. The positive rates of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in HGIEN and GCA are similar. The positive expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 have no correlation with Hp infection, it suggests that Hp infection may not play oncogenic role by CXCL12 and CXCR4 receptor expression.
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Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a transanal drainage tube(TDT) for decompression of acute left-sided obstruction of colorectum.Methods Fifty-seven patients with acute left-sided colorectal obstruction were enrolled in this study from January 2010 to December 2014.The obstruction location, property, success rate of insertion, one-procedure rate and complication rate were analyzed.Results There were 53 cases of primary colorectal cancer,among which lesions were located in the transverse colon in 1 case, in descending colon in 10, in sigmoid colon in 24,and in rectum in 18.There were 4other cases, one sigmoid colonic metastases of pulmonary cancer, 1 adhesive colonic obstruction after ovary surgery, 1 cervical cancer involved with rectum with stricture and obstruction, and 1 descending colonic obstruction caused by Crohn's Disease.TDT was successfully inserted in 55 cases(96.5％) without complications,in which 43 cases of primary colorectal cancer finally underwent surgery.TDT indwelled from 0 to 22days, for an average of (8.7± 4.4)d.Hartmann operation was performed in 9 patients,6 of which underwent sufficient lymphnode dissection.Among the 43 patients, one-stage operation was performed in 34 (79.1％),of which 30 cases underwent sufficient lymph node dissection, without stoma leakage.And the rest of 13 cases refused surgery because of poor prognosis and financial problems.One patient with Crohn's Disease refused surgery after TDT insertion and was discharged after palliation of distention.Conclusion TDT is safe and effective in decompressing acute left-sided benign obstruction with high success rate and low expenditure, and can achieve preoperative colonic lavage in one-stage operation for acute left-sided colorectal malignant obstruction.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical and pathological features of IgG4-related disease (IgG4RD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data, laboratory profiles, radiological, pathological and therapeutic features of eight cases of IgG4RD were analyzed. This cohort included two cases of common bile duct and partial hepatectomy specimens, two of submandibular gland excision specimens, one from lung biopsy specimen, one from open lung biopsy specimen, one from renal biopsy specimen, and one from renal excision specimen. In all cases, adequate lesion tissues were obtained. They were paraffin embedded, HE stained, and additional special stains and immunohistochemistry performed (MaxVision method).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>This series consisted of five males and three females, with a mean age of onset of 60 years. Five cases were suspected to be malignant pre-operatively, including two cases suspected of common bile duct carcinoma, two suspected of salivary gland tumor, and one suspected of renal pelvic carcinoma. Elevated serum levels of IgG4 and IgE were detected in five cases and eosinophilia in four cases. Multi-organ involvement was noted in four cases. The major histopathological features associated with IgG4-RD were: dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, with lymphoid follicle formation. Extensive eosinophilic infiltrate (> 10/HPF) was seen in four cases; fibrosis that was arranged at least focally in a storiform pattern was also noted. The numbers of IgG4 positive plasma cells were > 20-50/HPF, while the IgG4 to IgG ratio was more than 40%. Obliterative phlebitis was present in four cases. Other pathological changes such as necrotizing vasculitis or lymphoma were not found. Five patients responded well to glucocorticoids.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>IgG4RD has relatively specific histopathological features; accurate evaluation of the absolute and relative number of IgG4 positive plasma cells in lesional tissue, combining with clinical examination and exclusion of other causes of elevated IgG4, allows the diagnosis of IgG4RD. IgG4RD has complicated clinical manifestation, and glucocorticoids therapy is efficacious.</p>
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Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Biopsy , Common Bile Duct Neoplasms , Blood , Pathology , Fibrosis , Pathology , Immunoglobulin E , Blood , Immunoglobulin G , Blood , Immunohistochemistry , Kidney Neoplasms , Blood , Pathology , Kidney Pelvis , Pathology , Lung , Pathology , Plasma Cells , Salivary Gland Neoplasms , Blood , PathologyABSTRACT
Objective To explore the diagnostic values of bile cytology obtained in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and blood tumor markers for malignant bile duct obstruction.Methods From August 2005 to April 2009, bile cytology and blood tumor markers measurement were performed in 47 cases with bile duct obstruction, in which 39 cases were confirmed to be malignant and 8 were benign. Results Malignant cells were found in bile from 26 of 39 malignant obstruction (66. 7% ), and serum CA19-9 was positive in 28 (71.8%). No malignant cells were detected in bile cytology from 8 cases with benign obstruction (with a specificity of 100% ) and serum CA19-9 was negative in 7 (87.5%). In 26 patients with cholangiocarcinoma, serum CA19-9 was positive in 18 (69. 2% ). For bile cytology and blood tumor markers test, sensitivity of parallel combination was 89. 7%, and the specificity of serial combination was 100. 0%. Conclusion Bile cytology testing during ERCP can provide the pathological evidence for malignant bile duct obstruction. The sensitivity is improved by combination tests of bile cytology and blood tumor markers.
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Objective To study the effects of Irinotecan (CPT-11) on human colorectal cancer HCT-116 and HT-29 cells and investigate the potential mechanisms.Methods The effect of Irinotecan on the proliferation of HCT-116 and HT-29 cells was determined by MTT assays.The invasive capacity was measured by transwell assays,and the apoptosis of the tumor cells was detected by flow cytometry after stained with Annexin-V and PI.The difference between the current of ATP-sensitive potassium ion of HCT-116 and HT-29 was examined by patch clamp.Results It was found that 1.0-64.0 μg/ml CPT-11 could inhibit the proliferation and the invasive capacity of HCT-116 and HT-29 cells at both dose-and time-dependent manner.The IC_(50) of HCT-116 and HT-29 were 39.3 and 19.5 μg/ml respectively.Cytometry showed that the apoptotic rates were increased from 14.8% and 9.3% to 36.9% and 27.9% after the treatment of 32.0 μg/ml and 16.0 μg/ ml CPT-11,which were close to their IC_(50).The proportion of G_0/G_1 and S of HCT-116 and HT-29 was enhanced from 27.4% and 17.4% to 95.9% and 98.2%.Transwell assay indicated that the invasiveness of HCT-116 and HT-29 was reduced by 40.8% and 47.5%.The patch clamp showed that CPT-11 reduced the I_(KATP) of cell membrane at a negative dose-dependent manner.Conclusion CPT-11 could have a significant impact on the proliferation,invasiveness,cell cycle,and the apoptosis of human colorectal cancer cell HCT-116 and HT-29.HT-29 was more sensitive to CPT-11 than HCT-116.The inhibitory effect of CPT-11 on cell proliferation might be linked to its inhibition of ATPsensitive potassium channel.
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Objective To evaluate pit pattern analysis for detection of early colorectal carcinoma and precancerous lesions. Methods A total of 162 lesions in 144 patients were examined with magnifying colonoscopy after staining, and their pit patter was analyzed with morphology and pathologic diagnosis. Results With confirmation of pathology, there were 34 non-neoplastic lesions and 128 neoplastic ones, in which 12 were carcinomas. The pit patterns in most non-neoplastic lesions (76. 5%, 26/34) were type Ⅰ or Ⅱ , and those in most neoplastic lesions (96. 1% , 123/128) was type Ⅲ, Ⅳ or Ⅴ. Pit patterns of cancerous lesions were mainly type Ⅴ (75.0%, 9/12), and those of 3 cases of advanced cancers were all type Ⅴ N. Conclusion Pit pattern classification is a very important tool to differentiate between neoplastic, nonneoplastic lesions and early cancer, which helps to decide later therapeutic intervention.
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Objective To investigate the effects and potential mechanism of irinotecan (CPT-11), an antitumor drug, on human colorectal cancer cell line HT-29 and its impact on 4-amion pyridine (4-AP), a kalium ion channel blocker. Methods The effects of CPT-11, 4-AP and combination of two drugs on proliferation and invasion of HT-29 cells were measured by MTT and Transwell assay respectively. The impact of CPT-11 or 4-AP on cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry with Annexin-V and PI staining. The current of ATP sensitive potassium ion (IKATP) was measured by patch clamp. Results The CPT-11 could inhibit proliferation of HT-29 cells at dose from 1.0 to 64.0 μg/ml in dose-and time-dependent manners. Whereas the above effect was enhanced when CPT-11 combined with 4-AP (1.0 mmol/L). The administration of CPT-11 (16.0 μg/ml) or 4-AP (1.0 mmol/L) significantly induced the cell apoptosis and inhibited the invasion of HT-29 cells, furthermore, these effects could be enhanced by combination of two drugs. And the different concentrations of CPT-11 reduced the IKATP of cell membrane in negative dose-dependent manner. Conclusions The effects of CPT-11 on HT-29 cells, such as reducing proliferation and invasion as well as inducing the apoptosis, can be enhanced by 4-AP, which may be related to inhibition of ATP-sensitive potassium channels.
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Objective To assess the related risk factors of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)on postoperative pancreatitis.To improve the level of diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP,to reduce the incidence of postoperative pancreatitis.Methods A total of 346 patients in our hospital referred to diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP(399 frequency)were divided into 8 groups;the differences of postoperative serum amylase in 24 hour as well as clinical symptoms were compared among different groups.Results The incidence of postoperative hyperamylasaemia was 12.5 %.The incidence of postoperative acute pancreatitis was 1.5 %.ERCP+STENT therapeutic group(38.9%)had the highest incidence of postoperative hyperamylasaemia and postoperative acute pancreatitis among the groups.(respectively 38.9%,11.1%).There was the different incidence of postoperative actcte pancreatitis between the period from June 2003 to June 2005 and from July 2005 to July 2007,respectively 3.3%,0.4%.Conclusion Pancreatic duct contrast filling and deficient experience of doctor during ERCP manipulation are the main risk factors for postoperative pancreatitis.
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Objective:Our purpose was to investigate the growth regulation and postreceptor signal transduction of somatostatin (SS) on human colon cancer cell line. Methods:Low differentiated clone A cells of human carcinoma were treated with different concentrations of SS and the growth status was observed. Intracellular 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) were extracted, then the concentrations of them were measured by liquid scintillation technique and gamma scintillation counter.Intracellular free calcium concentration was detected by loading Fura-2 and fluorescental technique. Protein kinase C (PKC) was extracted from cytosol and membrane, then the activity of both parts was determined with TaKai method. Results:The clone A cell growth was inhibited greatly by different concentrations of SS (10-10 to 10-5 mol/L) and it is related to the doses of SS.Somatortatin could largely inhibit the production of intracellular IP3, ［Ca2+］i, and cAMP, and decrease the activity of PKC. Conclusion:The growth of Clone A cell can be inhibited by SS. The inhibition may be mediated by phosphate inositol pathway, so intracellular IP3, ［Ca2+］i decreased, or inhibited the cell growth by inhibiting the activity of PKC.On the other hand, the cell proliferation may be inhibited by adenosine cyclase pathway, that is decreasing intracellular cAMP ,inhibiting cAMP-depending protein kinase.